See chamstwo on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cham",
"4": "-stwo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nHebrew חָם (Ḥām)lbor.\nPolish Cham\nPolish cham\nProto-Indo-European *-tusder.\nProto-Slavic *-ьstvo\nOld Polish -stwo\nPolish -stwo\nPolish chamstwo\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"Ham\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"Ḥām\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Hebrew\", \"term\" : \"חָם\", \"lang\" : \"he\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cham\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cham\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun-forming suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьstvo\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-stwo\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-stwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"chamstwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"chamstwo\">\nFrom cham + -stwo.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́мство"
},
"expansion": "Russian ха́мство (xámstvo)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nHebrew חָם (Ḥām)lbor.\nPolish Cham\nPolish cham\nProto-Indo-European *-tusder.\nProto-Slavic *-ьstvo\nOld Polish -stwo\nPolish -stwo\nPolish chamstwo\nFrom cham + -stwo. Compare Russian ха́мство (xámstvo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "chamstwo n",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cham‧stwo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cham‧stwo"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "chamowaty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "chamski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "chamsko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "na chama"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cham"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "Cham"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamidło"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamisko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamskość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamuś"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "chamieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "schamieć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "57 4 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 3 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 6 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 6 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 6 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 4 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 25 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 6 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 6 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 18 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -stwo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 25 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boorishness (rude and boorish attitude towards someone)"
],
"id": "en-chamstwo-pl-noun-ChXrRq7A",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"boorishness",
"boorishness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or Zagórze, derogatory) boorishness (rude and boorish attitude towards someone)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chamskość"
},
{
"word": "grubiaństwo"
},
{
"word": "nieokrzesanie"
},
{
"word": "ordynarność"
},
{
"word": "prostactwo"
},
{
"word": "wulgarność"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 51 29",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boorish and rude people"
],
"id": "en-chamstwo-pl-noun-7muh192r",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"boorish",
"boorish"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, colloquial or Zagórze, derogatory) boorish and rude people"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 6 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 19 44",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"countrymen, peasants (people of low birth)"
],
"id": "en-chamstwo-pl-noun-cwG6-Tt3",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"countrymen",
"countryman"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, collective, derogatory) countrymen, peasants (people of low birth)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"collective",
"derogatory",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxam.stfɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxam.stfɔ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-amstfɔ"
}
],
"word": "chamstwo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish neuter nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms suffixed with -stwo",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/amstfɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/amstfɔ/2 syllables",
"Zagórze Polish",
"pl:Collectives",
"pl:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cham",
"4": "-stwo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nHebrew חָם (Ḥām)lbor.\nPolish Cham\nPolish cham\nProto-Indo-European *-tusder.\nProto-Slavic *-ьstvo\nOld Polish -stwo\nPolish -stwo\nPolish chamstwo\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"Ham\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"Ḥām\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Hebrew\", \"term\" : \"חָם\", \"lang\" : \"he\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cham\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cham\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun-forming suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьstvo\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-stwo\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-stwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"chamstwo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"chamstwo\">\nFrom cham + -stwo.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́мство"
},
"expansion": "Russian ха́мство (xámstvo)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nHebrew חָם (Ḥām)lbor.\nPolish Cham\nPolish cham\nProto-Indo-European *-tusder.\nProto-Slavic *-ьstvo\nOld Polish -stwo\nPolish -stwo\nPolish chamstwo\nFrom cham + -stwo. Compare Russian ха́мство (xámstvo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamstwo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "chamstwo n",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cham‧stwo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cham‧stwo"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "chamowaty"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "chamski"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "chamsko"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "na chama"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cham"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "Cham"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamidło"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamisko"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamskość"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "chamuś"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "chamieć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "schamieć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Zagórze Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"boorishness (rude and boorish attitude towards someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"boorishness",
"boorishness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or Zagórze, derogatory) boorishness (rude and boorish attitude towards someone)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chamskość"
},
{
"word": "grubiaństwo"
},
{
"word": "nieokrzesanie"
},
{
"word": "ordynarność"
},
{
"word": "prostactwo"
},
{
"word": "wulgarność"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Zagórze Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"boorish and rude people"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"boorish",
"boorish"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, colloquial or Zagórze, derogatory) boorish and rude people"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"countrymen, peasants (people of low birth)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"countrymen",
"countryman"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, collective, derogatory) countrymen, peasants (people of low birth)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"collective",
"derogatory",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxam.stfɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxam.stfɔ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-amstfɔ"
}
],
"word": "chamstwo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chamstwo meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or Zagórze, derogatory",
"path": [
"chamstwo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chamstwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or Zagórze, derogatory",
"path": [
"chamstwo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chamstwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: collective, colloquial or Zagórze, derogatory",
"path": [
"chamstwo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chamstwo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: collective, colloquial or Zagórze, derogatory",
"path": [
"chamstwo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chamstwo",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.